The federal Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit has ruled that the National Labor Relations Board cannot force Duquesne University, a Catholic university in Pittsburgh, PA, to bargain with its adjunct faculty members under the National Labor Relations Act. In a divided opinion, it has extended the exclusion previously applied to all regular faculty members at a religious institution to its adjunct faculty as well. Duquesne was founded in 1878 by members of a Catholic religious order known as the Congregation of the Holy Spirit. It describes itself today as a “Catholic University in the Spiritan Tradition” and serves about 6500 undergraduates and 3000 graduate students...